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embedded democracy
Embedded democracy is a form of government in which democratic governance is secured by democratic partial regimes. The term "embedded democracy" was coined by political scientists Wolfgang Merkel, Hans-Jürgen Puhle, and Aurel Croissant, who identified "five interdependent partial regimes" necessary for an embedded democracy: electoral regime, political participation, civil rights, horizontal accountability, and the power of the elected representatives to govern.〔Merkel (2004) p.33〕 The five internal regimes work together to check the power of the government, while external regimes also help to secure and stabilize embedded democracies.〔Merkel (2004) p.36-27〕 Together, all the regimes ensure that an embedded democracy is guided by the three fundamental principles of freedom, equality, and control.〔Merkel (2004) p.43-45〕〔Buhllman et. al (2008) p.7〕
==Embedded Democracy==
The ideal embedded democracy is guided by the three fundamental democratic principles of freedom, equality, and control.〔Merkel (2004) p.43-45〕 Merkel uses Robert Dahl's definition of political equality, which includes equality "before the law and in the political process." 〔Buhllman et. al p.7〕 While equality can infringe upon freedom, an embedded democracy should establish a balance between equality and freedom; to preserve the equality-freedom equilibrium, there must be checks on government power (horizontal and vertical accountability).〔Buhlmann et. al p.9〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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